Outcome Expectancies, Functional Outcomes, and Expectancy Fulfillment for Patients With Shoulder Problems
Methods: Patients (n 199) treated for shoulder problems at one orthopedic
surgeon's office completed a baseline survey comprised of measures of outcome
expectancies, shoulder function, health status, and demographics. At 1 month, 2
months, and 3 months, patients completed a mailed follow-up survey comprised of
all baseline measures except demographic variables. At 3 months, a measure of
expectancy fulfillment was added. A general linear modeling approach was used to
assess the significance and effect size of 1) outcome expectancies on changes in
shoulder function; and (2) outcome expectancies, shoulder function changes, and
their interaction on perceptions of expectancy fulfillment. Results: Outcome
expectancies significantly predicted changes in shoulder function and accounted
for 10% of the variance in functional improvement. The improvement difference
between patients with high expectancies compared with those with low
expectancies was clinically relevant (4.57 points), as it was greater than the
minimal clinically important difference (3.02 points). Outcome... (download full pdf article)
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